Yuav tsum kuaj xyuas dab tsi tom qab kho lub nkoj siab?

I. Tsis yog-Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Puas Tsuaj (NDT) - Kev lees paub qhov zoo hauv thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov vuam
Thaum kho nrog kev ua haujlwm vuam, tsis yog -kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj (NDT) ntawm thaj chaw kho yog qhov tseem ceeb; qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev soj ntsuam cov kauj ruam.

1. Nto NDT: Sib nqus particle kuaj (MT) lossis kev ntsuas nkag mus (PT) yog siv los kuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag xws li tawg tawg, undercut, thiab tsis muaj fusion nyob rau hauv kho weld thiab tshav kub- thaj tsam cuam tshuam. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic (MT) los yog tsis yog - ntxeem tau, tsis yog - ferromagnetic cov ntaub ntawv (PT).

Yog tias qhov chaw kho yog Cr-Mo steel, lub nkoj cryogenic, lossis qis- alloy steel nrog tus qauv tensile lub zog Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 540MPa, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov thib ob tom qab kev ntsuas siab.

Rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem rov ua kom tawg tawg (xws li qee cov hlau alloy), yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov chaw ntxiv tom qab kev kho cua sov.

2. Internal Non-Kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj: Ultrasonic kuaj (UT) lossis kuaj hluav taws xob (RT) yog siv los kuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag xws li kev nkag tsis tiav, slag inclusions, porosity, lossis tawg hauv qhov vuam.

Kev kuaj ultrasonic yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv thaj teb vim nws qhov kev txav tau yooj yim, ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab rhiab heev rau thaj tsam - yam tsis xws luag.

Kev ntsuam xyuas hluav taws xob yog tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum muaj kev pom ncaj qha thiab feem ntau yog siv rau rov- kev tshuaj xyuas tom qab pom qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv UT.

✅ Scope ntawm Kev Tshuaj Xyuas: Tsis txwv rau qhov vuam nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj suav nrog cov cua sov- thaj chaw cuam tshuam, cov khoom siv nyob ib puag ncig, thiab lwm qhov chaw muaj feem cuam tshuam kev sib txuas.

II. Kev Ntsuas Siab - Txheeb xyuas qhov muaj zog tag nrho thiab kev ua haujlwm sealing Txawm tias yuav tsum muaj kev sim siab tom qab kho yog nyob ntawm qhov tob thiab qhov loj ntawm kev kho:

1. Cov xwm txheej xav tau kev sim siab:

Kho qhov tob tshaj li ib nrab ntawm phab ntsa thickness; Hloov cov siab loj-cov kabmob (xws li ntu lub tog raj kheej, taub hau); Kev kho ntau yam lossis kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv qub.

2. Hom Kev Xaiv:

Kev ntsuam xyuas hydraulic (xws li kev sim hydrostatic) yog qhov zoo dua vim nws txoj kev nyab xeeb siab. Thaum sau cov kua ua tsis tau lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis tso cai rau cov kua seem, kev sim pneumatic lossis kev sib xyaw pneumatic - hydraulic test yuav siv tau, tab sis nws yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej ntawm 100% UT lossis RT rau Class A thiab B welds.

3. Kev lees txais:

Hydraulic Test: Tsis muaj to, tsis pom deformation, tsis muaj suab nrov txawv txav;
Pneumatic Test: Ntxiv nrog rau cov saum toj no, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov dej xau los yog lwm cov kua dej los kuaj xyuas.

⚠️ Ceeb Toom: Cov txheej txheem pressurization yuav tsum tau ua kom qeeb hauv theem. Thaum pib, nias rau 10% ntawm qhov ntsuas siab thiab tuav rau kev kuaj xyuas. Tsuas yog txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv tom qab lees paub tias tsis muaj qhov xau.

III. Cov tsos mob thiab geometric Dimension soj ntsuam - Xyuas kom ua raws li cov qauv morphological

Tom qab kho, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm qhov zoo:

Weld seam thiab cov khoom siv hauv paus yuav tsum muaj kev hloov pauv zoo, tsis muaj cov ces kaum ntse, undercut, lossis hloov pauv sai;
Lub fillet weld seam yuav tsum muaj concave, du kev hloov;
Tom qab kev sib tsoo, qhov kev sib txuas yuav tsum muaj lub kaum sab xis qis dua lossis sib npaug li 15 degree, thiab qhov hloov pauv curvature vojvoog Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 3 npaug ntawm phaj tuab;
Undercut depth >0.5mm or continuous length >100mm yuav tsum tau rov- vuam thiab rov- tshuaj xyuas.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov geometric qhov ntev ntawm lub thawv yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas, xws li qhov ncaj ntawm lub tog raj kheej, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv (tsis pub tshaj 1% ntawm txoj kab uas hla thiab tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 25 hli), thiab flange flatness, kom ntseeg tau tias kev teeb tsa thiab kev sib khi tsis cuam tshuam.

IV. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Sab Nraud thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb - Rov kho cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm Ua ntej muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam, lub thawv kho yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kev tshuaj xyuas niaj hnub no:

1. Kev tshuaj xyuas sab nrauv:

Rwb thaiv tsev thiab tiv thaiv - cov txheej txheem xeb: Puas yog lawv puas lawm?

Kev txhawb nqa thiab lub hauv paus: Puas yog lawv ruaj khov, tsis muaj kev tawg lossis tilting?

Txuas cov kav dej: Puas muaj qhov txawv txav lossis kev ntxhov siab ntxiv?

Sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub thawv: Puas muaj corrosion, to, los yog hauv zos overheating?

2. Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb:

Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb: Paub meej tias lawv nyob rau hauv lawv lub sijhawm ntsuas kev siv tau, qhib thiab kaw nrawm, thiab muaj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj.

Kev ntsuas siab: Kev nyeem ntawv zoo ib yam thoob plaws hauv lub cev, thiab qhov ntau thiab qhov raug raws li cov cai.

Kev ntsuas dej theem: Qhia meej meej, nrog cov cim siab thiab qis, thiab tsis muaj qhov xau.

Cov kev tshuaj xyuas no feem ntau ua txhua xyoo tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug, tab sis yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej tom qab kho.

V. Khoom thiab Hardness Test (yog tias tsim nyog) – Tiv thaiv cov khoom deterioration

Rau siab - kub, siab - siab, los yog cov thawv tshwj xeeb, cov hauv qab no kuj tseem yuav tsim nyog:

Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj: Paub meej los ntawm kev soj ntsuam spectral tias cov khoom hauv thaj chaw kho tsis tau tsis meej pem lossis tsis zoo;

Kev Ntsuas Hardness: Tshawb xyuas seb qhov hardness ntawm vuam thiab cua sov- thaj tsam cuam tshuam tshaj tus qauv los tiv thaiv hydrogen-induced cracking los yog brittle puas;

Metallographic Examination: Ntsuam xyuas seb lub microstructure puas txawv txav vim qhov vuam thermal voj voog (xws li, nplej coarsening, nag lossis daus, thiab lwm yam).