Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab seb lub nkoj siab xav tau kho li cas?

I. Cov tsos mob ntawm kev kho yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ib ntus
Kev tshuaj xyuas ib ntus ntawm cov hlab ntsha siab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas seb puas yuav tsum tau kho. Raws li "Txoj Cai rau Lub Sijhawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Lub Nkoj Siab," cov xwm txheej hauv qab no qhia tias lub nkoj yuav tsum tau kho:

1. Ntau yam tsis xws luag nyob rau saum npoo los yog sab hauv:

Kev tawg, tsis muaj fusion, kev nkag mus tsis tiav, thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj, tsis hais qhov loj me, yuav tsum tau hais txog.

Nto undercut qhov tob tshaj 0.5mm, los yog txuas ntxiv ntev tshaj 100mm, yuav tsum tau kho vuam.

Yog tias tib qhov chaw vuam tau kho ntau dua ob zaug thiab qhov tsis xws luag tau pom dua, yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas los txiav txim seb puas yuav tsum tau hloov tag nrho lossis kho qhov tob.

2. Phab ntsa thickness txo ntau tshaj qhov txwv:

Thaum tsis sib xws los yog hauv cheeb tsam corrosion ua rau ntsuas phab ntsa thickness tsawg dua tus qauv tsim cov thickness, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lub zog.

Yog tias qhov seem ntawm lub zog tsis ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, kev kho lossis txo kev ua haujlwm siab yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

3. Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb: Qib 3 lossis saum toj no:

Qib 3: Tshaj li cov qauv hauv cov khoom tsis raug; yuav tsum tau kho dua ua ntej siv txuas ntxiv. Lub voj voog tshuaj ntsuam tom ntej no luv luv rau 3 xyoos.

Qib 4: Cov khoom siv tsis zoo; txwv rau kev saib xyuas siv nkaus xwb; cumulative siv tsis pub tshaj 3 xyoos; ib qho kev npaj kho yuav tsum tau teem caij rau lub sijhawm no.

Qib 5: Los ntawm - tawg thiab deformation loj heev; yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg los yog kho tag nrho ua ntej rov ntsuam xyuas.

✅ Ceeb Toom: Qhov "qis tshaj -needle txoj cai" siv thaum kuaj; tej yam tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb Cheebtsam txiav txim lub zuag qhia tag nrho tshuab theem. Piv txwv li, yog tias lub cev tseem ceeb yog Theem 2 tab sis lub vuam seam ntawm cov yeeb nkab txuas tau tawg, tag nrho lub tshuab raug cais raws li Qib 4.

II. Phenomena txawv txav pom thaum ua haujlwm

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm txhua hnub, yog tias muaj qhov txawv txav hauv qab no, lub tshuab yuav tsum tau nres tam sim rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab txiav txim siab seb puas tsim nyog kho:

1. Cov dej xau:

Kev xau ntawm cov xov xwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nplaim taws, tawg, lossis cov xov xwm lom, tshwm sim ntawm flange sealing nto, weld seam, los yog qhib hauv cov yeeb nkab txuas. Qhov laj thawj yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas thiab kho.

2. Kev vibration lossis suab nrov:

Kev sib txhuam ntawm lub thawv thiab cov kav dej uas nyob ib sab, kev txhawb nqa xoob, lossis lub hauv paus hauv paus tuaj yeem ua rau qaug zog puas tsuaj, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov qauv kev ncaj ncees.

3. Localized Overheating lossis Bulging:

Localized overheating ntawm sab nrauv phab ntsa (ntaus tau los ntawm infrared thermography) yuav qhia tau hais tias detachment ntawm lub internal rwb thaiv tsev txheej los yog thermal puas rau cov khoom, yuav tsum tau ntxiv qhov teeb meem.

Bulging los yog o deformation qhia cov yas deformation ntawm cov khoom, ib qho kev puas tsuaj loj yuav tsum tau kho lossis hloov.

4. Ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau zaus:

Nquag mus rau ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb li qub los yog qhov txawv txav ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas siab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev poob siab lossis kev tsis sib haum xeeb, yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag.

III. Kev txiav txim siab kho qhov tsim nyog raws li hom tsis xws luag Cov kev tsis sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev txiav txim siab kho yuav tsum sib txawv raws li:

1. Kev Kho Kom Zoo:
Cov kab nrib pleb (nto lossis sab hauv): Qhov tsis zoo txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, yooj yim ua rau pob txha tawg.
Incomplete Penetration/Incomplete Fusion: cuam tshuam rau lub vuam lub load-cov kabmob muaj peev xwm thiab yooj yim propagates rau hauv qhov tsis xws luag.

Corrosion pits los yog patched thaj tsam tshaj li ib nrab ntawm phab ntsa thickness nyob rau hauv qhov tob: txo tus yam ntxwv lub zog, yuav tsum tau welding kho los yog hloov.

Cov misalignment ntau dhau thiab cov npoo ntse hauv qhov siab loj-cov kabmob: Ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, yooj yim ua rau qaug zog tawg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev -.

2. Saib xyuas qhov tsis xws luag: tawg pitting corrosion, tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov phab ntsa thickness nyob rau hauv qhov tob, tsis muaj cov cim ntawm tawg propagation, yuav tsum tau ib ntus sab laug tsis kho.

Kev tsim khoom- cuam tshuam txog qhov tsis xws luag (xws li porosity thiab slag inclusions), yog tias tsis hloov pauv thaum siv, tuaj yeem saib xyuas kom siv txuas ntxiv.

Cov me me undercuts thiab craters, tsis pub tshaj qhov txwv thiab tsis muaj kev nyiam tshaj tawm, tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv kev tshuaj xyuas tom ntej.

3. Cov xwm txheej txwv tsis pub kho lossis yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg: Cov hlab ntsha ruaj khov tsis tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha txawb; xws li "kho" yog txhaum cai.

Chav kawm 5 cov hlab ntsha uas muaj cov khoom tsis zoo (xws li graphitization, creep puas) thiab cov kab nrib pleb nkag mus rau phab ntsa ntawm lub nkoj yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg.

Kev kho tsis muaj nuj nqis yog tias kev kho ntau yam tsis ua haujlwm lossis kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm cov vuam cua sov- cuam tshuam thaj chaw ua haujlwm.

IV. Kho Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm Raws Li Kev Cai thiab Cov Qauv

Raws li * Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb rau Cov Nkoj Nres Nkoj * (TSG 21-2016) thiab cov lus qhia ntsig txog, kev kho thiab kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

Hloov, straightening, los yog patching loj siab -cov kabmob.

Kev kho qhov tob ntawm pob tw welds tshaj 1/2 ntawm qhov ntsuas thickness.

Cov kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj, muaj cov xov xwm, lossis xav siv, yuav tsum tau rov ua dua - pov thawj ntawm lub zog.

Kev kho loj uas yuav tsum tau ua tom qab-weld kho cua sov lossis kev ntsuas siab tom qab kho.